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INSTALL » История » Версия 33

Dmitry Chernyak, 15.12.2016 23:35

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h1. INSTALL
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{{toc}}
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[[OVERVIEW]] | [[INSTALL]] | [[SETUP]] | [[OPERATIONS]] | [[LICENSE]]
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[[ОБЗОР]] | [[УСТАНОВКА]] | [[НАСТРОЙКА]] | [[ОПЕРАЦИИ]] | [[ЛИЦЕНЗИЯ]]
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h2. Get the ISO image
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Download the distribution disk, ready to install: *"Download ISO-image":https://sci.skycover.ru/projects/sci-cd/documents*
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To access it you should "register":https://sci.skycover.ru/account/register
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h2. Burn the ISO-image on the disk or prepare a bootable flash-drive
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You can burn the ISO-image using writeable CD-ROM and any available program for burning disks.
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You can prepare a bootable flash-drive. For this use any available tool, for example, unetbootin.
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When it will ask for "type of a system", you should set Debian of version ... and set the path to the ISO-image file.
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You can also th write ISO-image directly to flash-drive:
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<pre>
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dd if=/path/to/iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4k
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</pre>
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Where /dev/sdX - path to the block device file. which is pointing to a flash.
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(To find which block device you need, insert the flash-drive and run "dmesg" in terminal - at the tail of the output you will see the information about the flash-drive plugged in).
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.
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h2. Minimal System Requirements
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In real case you must choose hardware in according to real objectives.
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For testing purposes minimal system requierements is:
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* 2 GB RAM
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* 50GB HDD
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* 1Gbit ethernet for DRBD link (if you setup 2 or more nodes)
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* Hardware Virtualization support: Intel VT or AMD CPU (if you want to run the Windows instances)
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For enterprise use both nodes mush have the same configuration (CPU power, RAM, volume and speed of disk system).
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h2. Nodes setup
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Before setting up, link nodes to LAN with a cable.
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Next boot the first node from installation image.
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During the installation process:
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h3. Setup the LAN connection
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Specify a static IP address for the LAN connection
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!ip.JPG!
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Next specify the network mask, gateway and DNS-server for this connection.
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h3. Specify the node's name
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In the Hostname field specify the node's name, for examlpe: gnt1 or gnt-1.
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"1" means this will be the first node of a cluster.
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!hostname.JPG!
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Specify LAN domain in the Domain field
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!domain.JPG!
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h3. Specify root password
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Do not use too weak password!
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h3. Do a disk partitioning
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The installer will present several types of automatic partitioning.
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If you want to use Software RAIDЕ, choose
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*2(4,6,8) disk with lvm* - in relation to number of hard disks.
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For two disks RAID1 will be used, for more disks RAID10 will be used.
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RAID10 - the recommended RAID level to use along with virtualization.
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If you use hardware RAID, choose
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*1 disk with lvm*
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If you have a server with two types of disks, for example, 2 SATA drives and 8 SAS drives (bare or under hardware RAID), we suggesting to do a initial setup at whole on the SATA drives with "*2 disk with lvm*" template, and after initialization of a cluster, add SAS disks manually as additional LVM VG.
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This procedure is described in [[OPERATIONS]].
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!disk.JPG!
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If you encounter the questions about deleting the old partitions and abut a RAID creation, then confirm this.
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Инструкции по этой операции и другие подробности - в разделе [[Разметка диска]].
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h3. Указать диск для установки загрузчика grub.
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Отметьте все физические диски (не раздел, и не том software RAID!), на которые установлена система.
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!grub.JPG!
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h3. Завершить установку - перезагрузиться.
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h3. Аналогично установить второй узел
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Задать имя узла, например gnt2 или gnt-2 (сообразно с первым узлом).
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Пароль установить такой же, как на первый сервер.
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h2. Установить время
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Удостоверьтесь, что на обоих узлах установлено одинаковое время.
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<pre>
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# date
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Thu Mar 12 12:23:10 MSK 2015
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</pre>
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Если нет - установите его командой
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<pre>
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# date -s "12 MAR 2015 12:23:00"
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</pre>
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h2. Сконфигурировать бэкбон (межсерверное соединение)
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Не отключайте узлы от LAN.
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Соедините узлы вторым кабелем через свободные гигабитные сетевые карты, проверьте, что на них зажглись лампочки link (при наличии лампочек).
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Данное подключение будет использоваться для межсерверного соединения, по которому будут синхронизироваться данные на дисках.
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Если в сервера подключены еще какие-то ethernet кабели, то их следует отключить на время настройки бэкбона.
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После появления линка на каждом узле запустите (можно параллельно, можно последовательно):
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<pre>
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sci-setup backbone
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</pre>
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Результат:
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<pre>
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root@gnt-1:~# sci-setup backbone
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Node number: 1
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LAN interface: eth0
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Waiting 30 seconds for links to be up
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Backbone interface: eth3
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Up and test backbone
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Waiting for backbone to get ready (MAXWAIT is 2 seconds).
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          inet addr:10.101.200.11  Bcast:10.101.200.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
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ok.
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</pre>
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После настройки обоих узлов проверьте соединение. На первом узле запустите:
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<pre>
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ping 10.100.200.12
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</pre>
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<pre>
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root@gnt-1:~# ping 10.101.200.12
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PING 10.101.200.12 (10.101.200.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 10.101.200.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
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64 bytes from 10.101.200.12: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.112 ms
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^C
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--- 10.101.200.12 ping statistics ---
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2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.112/0.187/0.263/0.076 ms
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</pre>
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h2. Инициализировать кластер
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На первом узле запустите
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<pre>
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sci-setup cluster
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</pre>
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Конфигуратор попросит указать адрес кластера в LAN.
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<pre>
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root@gnt-1:~# sci-setup cluster
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Cluster domain name will be gnt.
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Cluster IP will be 10.101.200.10 on the interlink.
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We recommend to set it to some unbound LAN IP address,
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but it is safe to simply press ENTER.
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Set cluster IP [10.101.200.10]:
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</pre> 
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Если в этот момент укажете свободный статический IP-адрес в LAN, то в дальнейшем сможете обращаться к управляющему модулю кластера по этому IP.
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Это удобно, но не не обязательно и не влияет на саму возможность управления. Можно просто нажать ENTER и управляюещму модулю будет назначен адрес во внутренней сети кластера.
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Конфигуратор проверит пинг ко второму узлу и попросит принять его ssh-ключ и ввести пароль к нему для получения и проверки параметров конфигурации.
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<pre>
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Connecting to Node2 via 10.101.200.12
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You will be prompted for a root password...
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The authenticity of host '10.101.200.12 (10.101.200.12)' can't be established.
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ECDSA key fingerprint is 6a:5a:78:fa:af:c1:23:97:87:9f:66:46:94:7e:f2:f5.
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
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</pre> 
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Введите "yes"
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<pre>
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root@10.101.200.12's password:
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</pre>
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Пароль ко второму узлу.
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После успешного прохождения всех проверок, на экране будут показаны параметры конфигурации кластера.
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<pre>
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########################################
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Parameters detected:
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Domain name: example.sci
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Master network interface: backbone
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Cluster name: gnt
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Cluster IP: 10.101.200.10
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Node 1 name: gnt-1
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Node 1 IP: 10.101.200.11
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Node 1 LAN IP: 192.168.11.28
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Node 2 name: gnt-2
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Node 2 IP: 10.101.200.12
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Node 2 LAN IP: 192.168.11.29
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Proceed with cluster creation [y/n]?
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</pre>
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Если все правильно, введите "y" и нажмите ENTER для создания кластера.
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<pre>
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Refilling sci.conf
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Creating empty /root/.ssh
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Fullfilling /etc/hosts
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Fulfilling default /etc/ganeti/networks
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Set random vnc password for cluster: miotaigh
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add sci repo in apt sources
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Initializing cluster
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Tuning cluster
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Adding the second node
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-- WARNING -- 
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Performing this operation is going to replace the ssh daemon keypair
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on the target machine (gnt-2.example.sci) with the ones of the current one
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and grant full intra-cluster ssh root access to/from it
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The authenticity of host 'gnt-2.example.sci (10.101.200.12)' can't be established.
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ECDSA key fingerprint is 6a:5a:78:fa:af:c1:23:97:87:9f:66:46:94:7e:f2:f5.
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
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</pre>
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В процессе добавления второго узла в кластер, потребуется еще раз принять ssh ключ и ввести пароль.
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Введите "yes" и затем пароль ко второму узлу.
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В конце Вы увидите вывод команды диагностики кластера:
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<pre>
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VTue Jun 28 18:37:06 2016 * Verifying cluster config
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:06 2016 * Verifying cluster certificate files
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:06 2016 * Verifying hypervisor parameters
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:07 2016 * Verifying all nodes belong to an existing group
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Waiting for job 10 ...
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:07 2016 * Verifying group 'default'
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:08 2016 * Gathering data (2 nodes)
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:09 2016 * Gathering disk information (2 nodes)
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:09 2016 * Verifying configuration file consistency
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:09 2016 * Verifying node status
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:09 2016 * Verifying instance status
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:10 2016 * Verifying orphan volumes
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:10 2016 * Verifying N+1 Memory redundancy
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:10 2016 * Other Notes
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Tue Jun 28 18:37:10 2016 * Hooks Results
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Node              DTotal DFree MTotal MNode MFree Pinst Sinst
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gnt-1.example.sci 101.2G 82.2G   3.9G  1.5G  2.4G     0     0
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gnt-2.example.sci 101.3G 81.3G   3.9G  1.5G  2.4G     0     0
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If all is ok, proceed with sci-setup sci
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</pre>
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h2. Создать управляющую виртуальную машину.
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На первом узле запустите
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<pre>
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sci-setup sci
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</pre>
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Если хотите, чтобы внутренний DNS кластера использовал DNS вашей компании как форвардеры (обращался к ним при резолве внешних адресов), то запустите команду следующим образом:
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<pre>
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sci-setup sci -d
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</pre>
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Без @-d@ внутренний DNS кластера будет резолвить интернет-адреса напрямую через корневые серверы Интернет.
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Конфигуратор попросит указать адрес управляющей ВМ в LAN:
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<pre>
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root@gnt-1:~# sci-setup sci
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Set sci LAN IP or enter "none" and press ENTER: 
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</pre> 
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Укажите свободный статический IP в LAN (в примере: 192.168.11.2).
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После успешного прохождения всех проверок, на экране будут показаны параметры конфигурации управляющей ВМ.
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<pre>
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Creating service machine sci
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IP: 10.101.200.2 on backbone
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Second network device: lan
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Second network IP: 192.168.11.2
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Proceed with sci VM creation [y/n]?
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</pre>
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Если все правильно, введите "y" и нажмите ENTER для создания ВМ.
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<pre>
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Adding sci to /etc/hosts
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Tue Jun 28 18:44:02 2016 * creating instance disks...
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Tue Jun 28 18:44:09 2016 adding instance sci to cluster config
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Tue Jun 28 18:44:13 2016  - INFO: Waiting for instance sci to sync disks
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Tue Jun 28 18:44:13 2016  - INFO: - device disk/0:  2.10% done, 2m 27s remaining (estimated)
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Tue Jun 28 18:45:13 2016  - INFO: - device disk/0: 39.90% done, 1m 31s remaining (estimated)
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Tue Jun 28 18:46:14 2016  - INFO: - device disk/0: 78.20% done, 34s remaining (estimated)
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Tue Jun 28 18:46:48 2016  - INFO: - device disk/0: 100.00% done, 0s remaining (estimated)
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Tue Jun 28 18:46:48 2016  - INFO: Instance sci's disks are in sync
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Tue Jun 28 18:46:48 2016 * running the instance OS create scripts...
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Tue Jun 28 18:49:42 2016 * starting instance...
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</pre>
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h2. Поздравляем! В вашем кластере создана первая виртуальная машина!
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После запуска, ВМ sci автоматически производит донастройку узлов кластера и становится для них сервером DNS. Операция занимает в среднем 5-10 минут.
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Попробуйте команды:
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<pre>
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gnt-instance list
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gnt-instance info sci
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gnt-cluster verify
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ssh sci
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</pre>
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h2. Операции
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Как управлять кластером и создать новые виртуальные машины читайте в разделе [[ОПЕРАЦИИ]]
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----
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[[УСТАНОВКА - версия до 2.3 включительно]]
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h2. Custom build ISO-image
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How to build your own ISO-image described here: [[BUILD-ISO]] (for experienced users, who want to include their own works to the distribution set)
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h2. Burn the ISO image
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You burn it with your favorite tool (for ex. - k3b).
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h2. Create bootable USB flash
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At present this option is only available when you build the ISO image yourself.
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Consult [[BUILD-ISO]].
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h2. Minimal System Requirements
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In real case you must choose hardware in according to real objectives.
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For testing purposes minimal system requierements is:
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* 1.2 GB RAM
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* 50GB HDD
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* 1Gbit ethernet for DRBD link (if you setup 2 or more nodes)
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* Hardware Virtualization support: Intel VT or AMD CPU (if you want to run the Windows instances)
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h2. Install the system
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Install the system on two nodes (you may use only one node, but high
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availability capabilities will be unavailable).
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The installer will ask you:
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* The node's IP-address on the interlink. For ex.: 192.168.2.1(2)
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* The network mask. For ex.: 255.255.255.0
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* The node's name. For ex.: gnt1(2)
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* The domain. For ex.: gnt.yourcompany.com
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* The default router's address (DO NOT specify if you use the separate network
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card for the interlink!)
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* The (new) DNS server's address on the interlink. For ex.: 192.168.1.254
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* The root password
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* Chose one of predefined disk layouts or layout it manually.
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* Specify the disks on which yo want to place grub loader. Chose "md0" if you use
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the software RAID for the system partition.
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* Specify the additional kernel parameters (but usually you don't).
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h3. Partitioning
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During the installation you will be prompted to chose the one of predefined disk layouts
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useful for 1-8 disk nodes with or without the hardware RAID.
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If you chose the "manual layout" option then you should preserve following partitions on your nodes:
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|_.Name|_.Size|_.Purpose|
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|/|10G|Root partition for all node's data|
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|swap|1G|Swap space for Dom0 in calculation of 512Mb RAM|
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|xenvg|the rest or the another device|The LVM Volume, named 'xenvg', without any partitions|
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The VG "xenvg" will be used as the default place for the instance's volumes.
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Also the "system-stuff" volume will be automatically created on xenvg (and mounted as /stuff).
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It serves for various big stuff like cdrom images, instance backups etc.
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At our own choice you may defer the creation of xenvg during the installation stage and to create it later.
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In this case any option with "no LVM" will be useful.
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 NOTE: If you want to place your own partitions on xenvg, you should
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then exclude them from ganeti-managed volumes. (SEE [[SETUP]]).
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Simplest way is to name your partitions "sytem-*" because this
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pattern is excluded in SCI-CD by default.
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You may create more partitions or volume groups at your choice.
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h3. DNS server's address
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The cluster has it's own DNS server, which is also the 'approx' and
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'puppet' server. At the [[SETUP]] stage, cluster DNS server can be linked
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to other DNS servers in the forwarding mode.
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The DNS server's address +must not+ be the address of the existing service.
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The cluster's domain name +must not+ be the name of the existing domain if
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local domain already exists (use subdomain, or completely different name).
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h2. Automatic post-installation changes
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During the installation phase, the postinst.sh script from the distro
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will apply over 40 system tweaks: [[POST-INSTALL]] 
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The CD installation takes about 15 minutes per node.
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h2. The cluster is ready to setup
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Read [[SETUP]] next.
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[[SETUP for versions 2.3 and earlier]]